North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) 2026 – 400 Free Practice Questions to Pass the Exam

The head and back of the fetus are crucial landmarks for determining its position in relation to the maternal pelvis. During labor and delivery, the orientation of the fetal head and back provides essential information about the fetal presentation, which is a key factor in the birthing process. The head, specifically, is the leading part of the fetus, and its position (whether it is facing the maternal back or the front) directly influences the direction of the birth canal. The back, in conjunction with the head, helps clinicians assess whether the fetus is in a favorable position for delivery, such as the vertex presentation where the head is down, or whether there may be positional challenges such as a posterior position.

Focusing on these two landmarks allows midwives and healthcare providers to monitor labor progression and make critical decisions that support safe delivery. Understanding the relationship of the fetal head and back to the maternal pelvis is essential for effective labor management and ensuring both maternal and fetal safety.