North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

In terms of risk, what is a significant concern for mothers infected with Hepatitis B regarding their newborns?

1. Increased risk of preterm labor

2. Vertical transmission from mother to fetus

3. Higher chances of cesarean delivery

4. Delayed cognitive development

The correct answer is: Vertical transmission from mother to fetus

The significant concern for mothers infected with Hepatitis B regarding their newborns is vertical transmission from mother to fetus. This transmission refers to the direct passing of the Hepatitis B virus from the mother to her baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. When a mother is infected with hepatitis B, especially if she is HBsAg positive (indicating active infection), there is a concerning risk that the virus can infect the newborn. This can lead to chronic hepatitis B infection in the child, which poses serious health risks such as liver disease and increases the risk of liver cancer later in life. In contrast, although preterm labor, cesarean delivery, and developmental concerns may pose their own risks, they do not have the same direct association with Hepatitis B infection as the possibility of vertical transmission does. Preterm labor may occur for various reasons, but it is not specifically linked to Hepatitis B. Similarly, while some mothers with hepatitis B may require a cesarean delivery due to other complicating factors, it is not a universal outcome of the infection. Lastly, delayed cognitive development can stem from a range of issues, but again, it is not a direct or significant concern specifically stemming from Hepatitis B infection. Thus, vertical transmission is the