North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

The seriousness of variable decelerations is determined by which factors?

1. Fetal movements and maternal diet

2. Timing of contractions and maternal heart rate

3. Frequency, depth, rate of return, effect on baseline fetal heart rate and variability

4. Presence of meconium and maternal fever

The correct answer is: Frequency, depth, rate of return, effect on baseline fetal heart rate and variability

The seriousness of variable decelerations in fetal heart rate monitoring is primarily assessed by analyzing specific characteristics of the decelerations themselves. Factors such as frequency (how often the decelerations occur), depth (how low the heart rate dips during the deceleration), rate of return (how quickly the heart rate comes back to baseline after the deceleration), the effect on the baseline fetal heart rate (whether the decelerations cause sustained changes to the baseline), and fetal heart rate variability provide critical insights into the condition of the fetus and the potential impact of the variable decelerations. By examining these factors, healthcare providers can better determine whether the variable decelerations are indicative of cord compression or other issues, and thus decide on appropriate interventions. The other options do not address the specific parameters that directly determine the seriousness of the variable decelerations, making the correct choice essential for accurate assessment in a clinical setting.