North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

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What are the components that form the placenta?

Amniotic sac and umbilical cord
Chorionic villi and decidua basalis
Placental membrane and fetal tissue
Maternal blood vessels and amniotic fluid

The correct answer is: Chorionic villi and decidua basalis

The placenta is a complex structure that forms crucial connections between the mother and the developing fetus. The key components that make up the placenta include chorionic villi and decidua basalis. Chorionic villi are tiny, finger-like projections that grow from the outer layer of the placenta (the chorion) and invade the uterine lining, facilitating nutrient and gas exchange between maternal and fetal blood supplies. The decidua basalis is the portion of the uterine lining that is modified during pregnancy to provide support for the implanting placenta. It is essential for anchoring the placenta and ensuring that it effectively meets the metabolic demands of the growing fetus. This combination of chorionic villi and decidua basalis forms the functional unit of the placenta, allowing for the essential exchanges of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the mother and the fetus. The other options, while they describe structures relevant to pregnancy, do not accurately depict the components that constitute the placenta itself.