North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

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What bacteria is primarily responsible for Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)?

Escherichia coli
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
Clostridium perfringens

The correct answer is: Staphylococcus aureus

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is primarily associated with the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. This bacterium produces toxins, particularly the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), which can enter the bloodstream and lead to a severe systemic reaction. TSS often occurs in relation to the use of superabsorbent tampons, surgical wounds, or infections related to skin sores. The syndrome is characterized by a sudden onset of fever, rash, low blood pressure, and multi-organ involvement, all attributable to the effects of the toxins released by Staphylococcus aureus. Understanding the role of Staphylococcus aureus in TSS is crucial for prevention and management strategies. This bacterium commonly resides on the skin and mucosal surfaces, and appropriate hygiene and awareness, especially during menstruation or post-surgical care, can help reduce the risk of TSS. The other bacteria listed, while they are significant for other infections, do not produce the specific toxins associated with TSS.