North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

What can increase the likelihood of developing varicose veins during pregnancy?

1. Age and physical activity

2. High levels of progesterone

3. Loss of weight

4. Consuming a high fiber diet

The correct answer is: High levels of progesterone

High levels of progesterone during pregnancy significantly increase the likelihood of developing varicose veins. Progesterone is a hormone that relaxes the walls of blood vessels, allowing them to enlarge and reducing the tone of the vascular system. This relaxation results in increased blood volume and can impede the return of blood from the lower extremities, leading to the swelling and engorgement characteristic of varicose veins. Additionally, as the uterus expands, it exerts pressure on the pelvic veins, further contributing to venous stasis and the development of varicose veins. While age and physical activity can influence the overall risk of vascular health issues, it is the hormonal changes, particularly the rise in progesterone, that play a critical role in the specific context of pregnancy-related varicosities. Weight changes and dietary adjustments are also relevant to general health but do not directly correlate to the hormonal mechanism that underpins the condition during pregnancy.