North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

What condition is most often associated with the need for resuscitation at birth?

1. Prematurity

2. Fetal asphyxia

3. Congenital anomalies

4. Infection

The correct answer is: Fetal asphyxia

Fetal asphyxia is the condition most often associated with the need for resuscitation at birth because it directly impacts the newborn's ability to breathe and receive oxygen immediately after delivery. Asphyxia refers to a deficiency of oxygen in the body, which can occur during labor and delivery due to various factors such as umbilical cord compression, inadequate maternal oxygenation, or problems with placental perfusion. These situations can lead to a lack of oxygen supply to the fetus, resulting in compromised respiratory function upon birth and necessitating immediate resuscitation efforts to ensure the baby can start breathing effectively. While prematurity, congenital anomalies, and infection can also lead to a need for resuscitation, they are not as frequently the direct cause of immediate respiratory failure. For instance, although premature infants may be more vulnerable and often require support, it is the lack of oxygen (asphyxia) that primarily dictates the urgent need for resuscitation interventions. Understanding these associations is critical as they guide immediate management decisions at birth for compromised newborns.