North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

What does tachypnea indicate in a newborn, according to the signs of heart disease?

1. Respiratory rate less than 30 per minute

2. Respiratory rate greater than 60 per minute

3. Normal respiratory rate between 40 to 60 per minute

4. Complete cessation of breathing

The correct answer is: Respiratory rate greater than 60 per minute

Tachypnea in a newborn, which is defined as a rapid respiratory rate, often indicates underlying issues such as heart disease or respiratory distress. A respiratory rate greater than 60 breaths per minute is considered tachypneic and suggests that the newborn may be experiencing stress or inadequate oxygenation, which can be indicative of heart conditions that compromise circulation and oxygen delivery. This elevated rate can be a response to hypoxia or increased work of breathing, commonly seen in various forms of congenital heart disease or other health complications. Monitoring respiratory rates is critical in the assessment of a newborn's health, particularly in recognizing potential cardiopulmonary problems, making an increased rate a significant clinical sign to consider. In contrast, a respiratory rate less than 30 per minute and a normal rate between 40 to 60 breaths per minute would not suggest tachypnea, as these examples fall within typical respiratory patterns for newborns. Complete cessation of breathing is termed apnea, which is a different clinical concern altogether.