North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

What is a diaphragmatic hernia?

1. A condition where tissue herniates through the abdominal wall

2. A surgical emergency in the newborn

3. A congenital bone defect

4. A type of respiratory disease

The correct answer is: A surgical emergency in the newborn

A diaphragmatic hernia is indeed considered a surgical emergency in newborns. This condition occurs when there is an abnormal opening in the diaphragm, which allows abdominal contents to move into the chest cavity. As a result, the lungs may be compressed and are unable to develop properly, which can severely impact the infant’s ability to breathe. Immediate medical intervention is crucial to address this condition, as it often leads to respiratory distress and can be life-threatening if not managed promptly. The surgery typically involves the repositioning of the abdominal organs back into the abdomen and repairing the diaphragm. The urgency of the situation and the potential for significant respiratory compromise highlight why it is classified as a surgical emergency. Other options describe different conditions or anatomical issues. For example, while a hernia can refer to tissue slipping through a wall, that description is broader and not specific to the diaphragmatic context. Congenital bone defects refer to structural abnormalities in bones present at birth, and respiratory diseases encompass a range of ailments that affect the lungs but do not specifically identify a diaphragmatic hernia.