North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

What is known as "Hegar sign" in early pregnancy?

1. Softening of the lower uterine segment

2. Increased fetal movement

3. Blue cervix

4. Rapid fetal heart rate

The correct answer is: Softening of the lower uterine segment

The Hegar sign refers specifically to the softening of the lower uterine segment during early pregnancy. This physiological change occurs typically around the 6th to 8th week of gestation and is due to increased vascularity and hormonal influences associated with pregnancy. The presence of this sign is often assessed during a pelvic exam and is an important indicator that aids healthcare providers in confirming a pregnancy. The other options, while indicative of various aspects of pregnancy or fetal development, do not relate to the Hegar sign. Increased fetal movement is typically noted later in pregnancy and is not applicable in the early stages. The presence of a blue cervix, often referred to as Chadwick's sign, usually signifies increased blood flow and is also an early sign of pregnancy but is distinct from the Hegar sign. Rapid fetal heart rate can be a normal or abnormal finding but is not an indicator of the softening of the uterine segment. Thus, the key characteristic of the Hegar sign is the softening of the lower uterine segment during early pregnancy, making it a relevant physiological change used to assess early gestation.