North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

What is one of the main effects of estrogen during pregnancy?

1. Increases urinary output

2. Affects growth of uterine muscle and blood supply

3. Inhibits fetal development

4. Promotes blood clotting

The correct answer is: Affects growth of uterine muscle and blood supply

Estrogen plays a crucial role in pregnancy, particularly in facilitating the growth and development of the uterus. One of the main effects of estrogen during this period is its influence on the growth of uterine muscle cells, known as myometrium, and the enhancement of blood supply to the uterus. This increased blood flow is essential for nourishing the developing fetus and supporting the overall health of both the mother and baby throughout pregnancy. Estrogen also aids in the regulation of various other physiological processes that are vital for a successful pregnancy. The growth of the uterine muscle allows for the accommodation of the growing fetus and prepares the uterus for labor. Additionally, the enhanced blood supply contributes to the formation of placenta, which is critical for nutrient and gas exchange between the mother and fetus. While other options mention various processes, they do not encapsulate the significant role of estrogen in preparing the body for childbirth and sustaining a healthy pregnancy like the influence on uterine muscle growth and vascularization does. Thus, the impact of estrogen on uterine muscle growth and blood supply is fundamental for the healthy progression of pregnancy.