North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

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What is the main mechanism of action for the Copper T 30A (Paragard) IUD?

Inhibiting ovulation directly
Altering fallopian tube motility and incapacitating sperm
Increasing hormonal levels in the body
Suppressing ovulation by increasing cervical mucus

The correct answer is: Altering fallopian tube motility and incapacitating sperm

The main mechanism of action for the Copper T 30A (Paragard) IUD is that it alters fallopian tube motility and incapacities sperm. This is achieved through the release of copper ions into the uterine cavity, which have toxic effects on sperm, making it difficult for them to swim effectively and reach an egg. Additionally, the presence of the IUD itself creates a foreign body reaction that generates an inflammatory response in the uterus, further contributing to the prevention of fertilization. While other contraceptive methods may inhibit ovulation or alter hormonal levels, the Copper T IUD primarily functions via a non-hormonal mechanism. It does not rely on increasing hormonal levels in the body or suppressing ovulation through methods such as thickening cervical mucus, which are more characteristic of hormonal contraceptives. Therefore, understanding the specific action of the Copper T IUD is essential for recognizing its unique role in contraception and its effectiveness in preventing pregnancy.