North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

What is the primary cause of morning sickness during pregnancy?

1. Low blood sugar

2. Elevated estrogen and HCG levels

3. Dehydration

4. Intestinal discomfort

The correct answer is: Elevated estrogen and HCG levels

The primary cause of morning sickness during pregnancy is elevated estrogen and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) levels. During early pregnancy, the body undergoes significant hormonal changes to support the developing fetus, and these hormones can affect the gastrointestinal system. HCG, produced shortly after the implantation of the embryo, peaks during the first trimester and is closely associated with the experience of nausea and vomiting known as morning sickness. Elevated estrogen levels during this time can also contribute to nausea, as it influences the centers in the brain that control these sensations. While low blood sugar, dehydration, and intestinal discomfort may contribute to gastrointestinal symptoms, they are not the primary drivers of morning sickness. Morning sickness is most strongly correlated with the rise in these specific pregnancy hormones, overall indicating that hormonal fluctuations play a critical role in this common condition experienced by many pregnant individuals. Understanding this relationship helps in providing reassurance and appropriate care for those experiencing morning sickness.