North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

What is the primary effect of HCMV infection during pregnancy?

1. It impacts organogenesis during the early embryonic period

2. It affects fetal development primarily between 10 to 40 weeks post LMP

3. It leads to postnatal infections after birth

4. It causes minor symptoms with no long-term effects

The correct answer is: It affects fetal development primarily between 10 to 40 weeks post LMP

The primary effect of HCMV (Human Cytomegalovirus) infection during pregnancy is most accurately reflected in the impact it has on fetal development primarily between 10 to 40 weeks post last menstrual period (LMP). During this period, the fetus is undergoing significant growth and development, and HCMV can lead to a range of complications, including potential neurological issues, growth restrictions, and other developmental problems. HCMV is known for its ability to cross the placenta and affect the fetus, particularly during the second trimester when the immune system of the fetus is still maturing. The infection can lead to congenital CMV infection, which is the most common viral cause of birth defects in the United States. Symptoms in children can vary, but in some cases, the effects may not be immediately apparent at birth, leading to developmental delays and disabilities that become more noticeable as the child grows. The other options suggest impacts that either occur during different gestational periods or imply a lesser degree of effect on long-term health outcomes, which are not the primary concerns associated with HCMV infection during pregnancy. HCMV does not mainly cause organogenesis issues in the early embryonic period, nor is its most significant impact related solely to postnatal infections.