North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

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What is the risk of perinatal HIV transmission with maternal treatment using zidovudine (ZDV)?

The correct answer is: 8%

The risk of perinatal HIV transmission with maternal treatment using zidovudine (ZDV) is indeed around 8%. Zidovudine is an antiretroviral medication that has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV when administered during pregnancy, labor, and delivery, as well as to the newborn in the immediate postpartum period. When a pregnant woman with HIV is treated with ZDV, the transmission rate decreases substantially compared to untreated individuals. In studies where ZDV was utilized appropriately, transmission rates have been documented to be approximately 7-8%, reflecting the powerful impact of this medication. It's crucial to understand that the effectiveness of zidovudine can depend on various factors, including the timing of the treatment, the mother’s viral load at the time of delivery, and whether additional antiretroviral agents are used in conjunction with ZDV. This practice is part of a broader approach to HIV management in pregnancy, which aims for optimal maternal health and minimal risks to the infant.