North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

What long-term condition may result from a primary HCMV infection?

1. Chronic respiratory issues

2. Latent infection with periodic shedding

3. Permanent neurological impairment

4. Cancer development

The correct answer is: Latent infection with periodic shedding

A primary infection with Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can lead to a latent infection within the host. HCMV has the unique ability to remain dormant in the body after the initial infection, often residing in monocytes, macrophages, and other immune cells. This latent state can lead to periodic reactivation and shedding of the virus, even in individuals who are asymptomatic. Periodic shedding of the virus is significant because it can occur without any signs of illness, allowing the virus to be transmitted to others, especially during pregnancy, where it can affect the developing fetus. Understanding this latent nature of HCMV is crucial for midwifery care and management, particularly regarding monitoring and advising expectant mothers about potential risks associated with HCMV during pregnancy. The other options do not accurately reflect the consequences of a primary HCMV infection. Chronic respiratory issues are not commonly associated with HCMV. While permanent neurological impairment can occur in cases of congenital HCMV infection, it is not a direct consequence of the primary infection in healthy individuals. Cancer development is not directly linked to HCMV in the same manner as with other viruses like HPV or Epstein-Barr virus. Thus, the primary outcome of interest concerning long-term conditions