North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

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What percentage of cells is typically reduced in symmetric fetal growth retardation due to malnutrition?

  1. Approximately 10%

  2. Approximately 20%

  3. Approximately 30%

  4. Approximately the same percentage amount for all

The correct answer is: Approximately the same percentage amount for all

Symmetric fetal growth retardation typically occurs when there is a uniform reduction in overall cell mass due to early nutritional deficiencies, generally in the first trimester of pregnancy. In this condition, the decrease in fetal size affects the growth of all cells uniformly, meaning that the percentage of reduction is similar across various tissues and organ systems. In symmetric growth retardation, the body proportions remain normal, but the overall growth is restricted, indicating that the body has received insufficient nutrients early in development. The key aspect here is that the entire fetal environment is negatively impacted, leading to a balanced reduction in the size of all organs and structures, rather than affecting only certain parts. Therefore, the correct understanding is that the percentage of reduction in cells is approximately the same across the board, influencing all areas of growth uniformly, which aligns with the ideal answer. This contrasts with asymmetric growth retardation, where the brain may be spared while other areas show more significant growth reduction, leading to different percentages.