North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

What type of anemia is most commonly associated with pregnancy?

1. Macrocytic anemia

2. Folic acid deficiency anemia

3. Iron deficiency anemia

4. Hemolytic anemia

The correct answer is: Iron deficiency anemia

Iron deficiency anemia is the type of anemia most commonly associated with pregnancy due to the increased iron demands during this period. As the fetus grows, the mother's blood volume increases significantly, leading to a higher requirement for iron to support both maternal and fetal erythropoiesis (the production of red blood cells). If the maternal diet does not provide sufficient iron or if the mother's iron stores are low at the onset of pregnancy, it can lead to iron deficiency anemia. While other types of anemia, such as folic acid deficiency anemia, can also occur during pregnancy, they are not as prevalent as iron deficiency anemia. The physiological changes during pregnancy, particularly the expansion of blood volume, exacerbate the need for iron. Therefore, monitoring and addressing iron levels is crucial for the health of both the mother and the developing fetus throughout the pregnancy.