North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

Which congenital defect is described as a bony defect of the spinal cord?

1. Meningocele

2. Gastroschisis

3. Omphalocele

4. Meningomyelocele

The correct answer is: Meningocele

The correct answer is the condition that specifically refers to a bony defect of the spinal cord associated with a protrusion of the protective covering around the spinal cord. This condition is characterized by a defect in the bony encasement of the spinal column, leading to a bulging of the meninges (the protective layers surrounding the spinal cord) through the defect. It often involves the formation of a cyst filled with cerebrospinal fluid, which does not typically include neural tissue. Meningocele represents a situation where the protective membrane surrounding the spinal cord protrudes through a defect in the spinal column, but the spinal cord itself remains in its normal position. This contrasts with other conditions, such as meningomyelocele, where both the meninges and spinal cord tissues are involved in the protrusion and where there is typically a more significant impact on neurological function as a result. The other options listed are different types of congenital defects, none of which are characterized by a bony defect of the spinal cord; rather, they are related to other anatomical issues involving abdominal organs.