North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

Which of the following are classical signs of HELLP syndrome?

1. Elevated blood pressure, headache, low platelets

2. Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets

3. Sudden weight gain, headaches, visual disturbances

4. Proteinuria, swelling, elevated liver enzymes

The correct answer is: Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets

The signs of HELLP syndrome, which is a serious complication of pregnancy, specifically include hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets. This triad is crucial for the diagnosis of the syndrome and reflects its underlying pathophysiological processes. Hemolysis refers to the destruction of red blood cells, which leads to anemia and other complications. Elevated liver enzymes indicate liver involvement and potential damage, while low platelet counts can result in various bleeding issues and indicate the severity of the condition. Recognizing these classical signs is essential for timely intervention, as HELLP syndrome can significantly impact both maternal and fetal health. The other options presented include symptoms and signs that can be associated with other pregnancy-related issues or conditions, which do not specifically delineate HELLP syndrome. Thus, it is the combination of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets that distinctly characterizes this serious condition.