North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

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Which of the following is NOT a possible malformation due to HCMV infection?

Microcephaly
Hydrocephalus
Spina bifida
Microphthalmia

The correct answer is: Spina bifida

C. Spina bifida is not commonly associated with congenital infections like Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV). While HCMV can lead to a variety of malformations due to its impact on fetal development, such as microcephaly, hydrocephalus, and microphthalmia, spina bifida is primarily linked to neural tube defects caused by different factors, including genetic predisposition and nutritional deficiencies (notably folate). Understanding the relationship between HCMV and potential congenital anomalies emphasizes the specific teratogenic effects of viral infections in comparison to other developmental issues that arise from distinct causes. This clarity helps in educating healthcare providers about the likely conditions attributable to HCMV, thereby enhancing the management and prevention strategies during pregnancy.