North American Registry of Midwives (NARM) Practice Exam

Which type of immune cells does HIV primarily target?

1. T4 lymphocytes

2. B lymphocytes

3. Neutrophils

4. Macrophages

The correct answer is: T4 lymphocytes

HIV primarily targets T4 lymphocytes, also known as CD4+ T cells. These cells play a crucial role in the immune system by helping to coordinate the immune response. When HIV infects these cells, it integrates its genetic material into the host cell's DNA and begins to replicate. This process ultimately leads to a decline in the number of CD4+ T cells, which impairs the body’s ability to mount an effective immune response to infections and diseases. The significance of this targeting by HIV is profound, as a depletion of CD4+ T cells not only impacts the individual's immunity but also is a key factor in the progression from HIV infection to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). Monitoring the CD4+ T cell count is essential in managing HIV infection and determining the stage of the disease. Understanding that HIV specifically targets CD4+ T cells helps clarify why treatments focusing on preserving or restoring these lymphocytes are vital in the care of people living with HIV. This targeted nature of HIV underlines the importance of early intervention and regular monitoring in effectively managing the disease.